The medial temporal lobe is a region of the brain located in the inner side of the temporal lobe and is involved in memory formation and spatial navigation. Research in this area focuses on understanding the functions of different regions within the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus and surrounding structures, and how they contribute to various cognitive processes. Studies have shown that damage to the medial temporal lobe can lead to memory deficits and cognitive impairments, making it an important area of research for understanding the mechanisms underlying memory and learning. Additionally, research in this area also explores the role of the medial temporal lobe in neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.